Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) contain ethinyl estradiol (EE) paired with a form of progestin. Estrogen positively affects the formation and proliferation of bone-forming osteoblasts, while simultaneously inhibiting apoptosis of bone-resorbing osteoclasts [3].

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and intramuscular depo medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) can compromise the expected gains in adolescence by altering estrogen and IGF concentrations. Use of these medications has been associated with slower accrual of bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk in some studies.

Background: The aim was to evaluate changes of bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover in healthy adolescents, and in adolescent users of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) with different ethinylestradiol (EE) contents.

Combination oral contraceptives (COCs) provide highly effective contraception and are used most commonly among women younger than 30 years. COC use in women during later reproductive years is increasing in the U.S. [6], with improved safety due to decreases in estrogen dose and introduction of newer progestins.

The long-acting progestogen injectable contraceptives depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone enanthate have been found to adversely affect bone mineral density in adult...

Apr 3, 2015 · Low-dose combined oral contraceptives (COCs) can interfere with bone mass acquisition during adolescence.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers between combined oral contraceptive (COC) and non-COC users over 12 months.

Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) and combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have been shown to have a negative effect on bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate BMD in 15-to 19-year-old new users of DMPA, NET-EN and COCs.

This systematic review examined whether women who use combined hormonal contraception experience changes in risk of fracture or bone mineral density (BMD) that differ from nonusers. We identified 86 articles from PubMed and EMBASE (published 1966 to August 2005) that reported on fracture or BMD outcomes by use of combined hormonal contraceptives.

Jul 4, 2012 · In this two-year, open-label, prospective, randomized study, the effect of NOMAC/E2 (2.5 mg/1.5 mg) on BMD was evaluated in comparison with a well-characterized monophasic (21/7) COC containing levonorgestrel (LNG) and EE (150/30 μg) in healthy, fertile women.