In molecular biology, an axoneme, also called an axial filament, is the microtubule-based cytoskeletal structure that forms the core of a cilium or flagellum. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Cilia and flagella are found on many cells , organisms , and microorganisms , to provide motility.

The axoneme protrudes some distance as the endpiece. The midpiece itself is anchored to the sperm head by the connecting piece. Invertebrate sperm of octopus and squid also possess ODFs (but not the FS), which appear to provide a necessary function in …

The structure of the axoneme and how it generates motility has fascinated scientists for decades, but it is only now through the application of cryo-EM that we are beginning to understand this beautiful structure in atomic detail.

May 31, 2023 · Ciliary movement is generated by the axoneme, a molecular machine consisting of microtubules, ATP-powered dynein motors and regulatory complexes 2. The size and complexity of the axoneme has so...

The axoneme is the main extracellular part of cilia and flagella in eukaryotes. It consists of a microtubule cytoskeleton, which normally comprises nine doublets. In motile cilia, dynein ATPase motor proteins generate sliding motions between ...

The axoneme is the core structure of the flagellum, and consists of a central microtubule pair connected to 9 outer microtubule doublets. Dynein motors on the outer doublets generate forces to promote antiparallel sliding and produce the characteristic wave …

Aug 18, 2006 · Eukaryotic flagella and cilia are built on a 9 + 2 array of microtubules plus >250 accessory proteins, forming a biological machine called the axoneme. Here we describe the three-dimensional struct...

This review article provides a critical analysis of the structure and molecular mechanisms of the microtubule axoneme of cilia and sperm flagella and their associated elements required for male fertility.A broad range of genetic and molecular defects (ciliopathies) are considered in …

…form the basic structure, or axoneme, of a flagellum, and they are a major component of the root system that anchors a flagellum within the cell. Microfilaments are formed by the polymerization of proteins such as actin, which can contract and relax and therefore function as tiny muscles inside the…

Jan 1, 2025 · Reproduction, development and homeostasis depend on motile cilia, whose rhythmic beating is powered by a microtubule-based molecular machine called the axoneme.