Instead, an insert is moved into a vector through a two-step recombination process that takes advantage of integration and excision reactions using attachment sites attL and attB. The first step—a BP reaction—creates an entry clone containing the DNA insert flanked by two attL sites.

Recombination of attP and attB sites creates attL and attR sites. Gateway vectors contain modified versions of the att sites so that scientists can easily clone in their desired DNA sequences. Gateway technology relies on the two reactions described below:

The core region of attB and attL sites contains the recognition sequence for the restriction enzyme, BsrG1. Hence, we recommend using BsrGI for cutting out inserts from Gateway® vectors and validating successful BP and LR reactions.

Streptomyces phage PhiC31 encodes a serine integrase which recombines the host (attB) and phage (attP) attachment sites to form new attL and attR sites. For attL and attR to be recombined by...

Serine integrases catalyze the integration of bacteriophage DNA into a host genome by site-specific recombination between 'attachment sites' in the phage (attP) and the host (attB).

Jul 14, 2017 · Both HK and ΦC31 systems comprise attB / attP attachment sites that serve as points of recombination, and the recombinases that catalyze recombination. In each family, DNA exchange requires host-encoded proteins for recombination that differ between systems.

Jul 20, 2022 · Irreversibility: LSRs have non-identical recognition sites typically known as attB (attachment site bacteria) and attP (attachment site phage) and yield hybrid product sites attL and attR.

Jan 11, 2025 · In molecular cloning, attP and attB sites are incorporated into vectors and host genomes to insert foreign DNA. Systems like Gateway cloning exploit these sites’ natural recombination mechanisms, enabling efficient and accurate genetic material insertion or removal.

Serine integrases catalyze the integration of bacteriophage DNA into a host genome by site-specific recombination between ‘attachment sites’ in the phage (attP) and the host (attB).

(A) List of attB sites; attB0 is the E. coli bacteriophage attachment site (Landy 1989). Shaded area indicates 7-bp overlap (Int cut sites); underlined bases indicate changes from attB0.