Aug 22, 2024 · Some team members used ground penetrating radar (GPR) to scan subsurface structures from above. Together with drill coring, hand-dug pits, and a soil moisture probe, GPR gives us insight into what’s going on underground.

May 1, 2024 · Volcanic ash is a mixture of rock, mineral, and glass particles expelled from a volcano during a volcanic eruption. The particles are very small—less than two millimeters in diameter. They tend to be pitted and full of holes, which gives them a low density.

Volcanic ash not only affects in-flight operations but can affect ground-based airport operations as well. Small accumulations of ash can reduce visibility, produce slippery runways and taxiways, infiltrate communication and electrical systems, interrupt ground services, damage buildings and parked aircraft. [80]

Fir trees were coated with ash damaging foliage and temporarily retarding growth. …and coated small trees and shrubs. It also coated the canopy of old-growth forests downwind of the volcano. On deeper ashfall sites, the eruption deposited 6 inches (15 …

It details procedures to follow if warning of a volcanic ashfall is given, recommends what to do during ashfall, and what methods are most effective for cleaning up volcanic ash after the event. Why should we clean up the ash? What precautions should be taken before cleaning up ash?

Volcanic ash consists of tiny jagged particles of rock and natural glass blasted into the air by a volcano. Ash can threaten the health of people and livestock, pose a hazard to flying jet aircraft, damage electronics and machinery, and interrupt power generation and telecommunications.

Volcanic ash, pumice, and tephra ejected in violent eruptions ultimately falls back to Earth where it covers the ground like deposits of abrasive, gritty, and corrosive “snow” that never melts.

Volcanic ash consists of powder-size to sand-size particles of igneous rock material that have been blown into the air by an erupting volcano. The term is used for the material while it is in the air, after it falls to the ground, and sometimes after it has been lithified into rock.

Freshly†erupted volcanic ash commonly has a surface coating of soluble salts and acids. This coating is formed when primary volcanic gases (such as the strong acids HCl and HF, and SO 2 (which rapidly converts to sulphate aerosol and sulphuric acid) condense onto particles as the volcanic plume cools in the atmosphere.

Everyone in an ashfall zone will be exposed to the effects of volcanic ash. Fine grained volcanic ash can infiltrate all but the most tightly sealed buildings and machinery and is often small enough (less than 10 microns) to be inhaled deeply into the lungs.