The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is a structure that forms from the ectodermal cells at the distal end of each limb bud and acts as a major signaling center to ensure proper development of a …

Two key signalling centres drive vertebrate limb development: the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and the zone of polarising activity (ZPA). Embryological manipulations of the chick limb bud …

The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is a transient embryonic structure essential for the induction, patterning and outgrowth of the vertebrate limb. However, the mechanism of AER function in …

The Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) is one of the main signaling centers during limb development. It controls outgrowth and patterning in the proximo-distal axis. In the last few years a …

Limb development begins with two paired limb buds (forelimb and hindlimb buds), which are initially undifferentiated mesenchymal cells tipped with a thickening of the ectoderm, termed …

Early limb buds consist of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells surrounded by an epithelial jacket. Signaling between these two tissues is essential for the development of the limb along its …

The Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) is a thickening of ectoderm at the distal extreme of the limb bud that maintains a zone of proliferative, undifferentiated cells in the underlying mesenchyme …

Aug 28, 2014 · In this report we examined the functional roles of Sp6 and Sp8 during limb development using compound loss-of-function mutants. Sp6 and Sp8, two members of the Sp …

Jan 13, 2009 · Two studies have advanced our understanding of limb development by elucidating that signaling gradients from the limb ectoderm, including the apical ectoderm ridge (AER), act …

Our data identify Fgf8 as the only known AER-Fgf individually necessary for normal limb development, and provide insight into the function of Fgf signalling from the AER in the normal...