In geometry, a torus (pl.: tori or toruses) is a surface of revolution generated by revolving a circle in three-dimensional space one full revolution about an axis that is coplanar with the circle. …

Study how matter and energy might flow in a toroidal universe model. A 4D hyper-torus simulation animation created by Chad R. McCammon for the HTUM (Hyper-Torus Universe Model) project.

Unlike in 3D, where there is just one torus, there are four distinct four-dimensional torii. These, together with the glome, make up the full set of closed 4D toratopes. This page attempts to …

Jan 25, 2023 · Here's some nice ways to visualise and understand all 4D hypertoruses. There are in total 4 of them and I will order them in terms of difficulty/complexity. Credit to …

4D torus A 3D torus is a donut shape. The 'skin' of a torus can be made by spinning a circle around an axis outside the circle. In topology, you'd say its a circle times a circle. This is really …

Feb 5, 2019 · The toroidal shape of the DNA gives the function to act as an antenna and allows DNA to detect subtle energies in the environment. The torus geometry or the toroid is …

In mathematics, a toroid is a surface of revolution with a hole in the middle. The axis of revolution passes through the hole and so does not intersect the surface. [1] . For example, when a …

When mathematically convenient, the Clifford torus can be viewed as residing inside the complex coordinate space C2, since C2 is topologically equivalent to R4. The Clifford torus is an …

Nano-structured metasurfaces have to be tailored from artificial atoms that act as toroidal emitters, giving rise to a new form of light long predicted: ying doughnuts as propagating …

Feb 6, 2025 · My question is: Are there explicit 4d metrics with toroidal event horizons? What are the special circumstances they satisfy so as to enjoy a toroidal event horizon?