CD28 (Cluster of Differentiation 28) is a protein expressed on T cells that provides essential co-stimulatory signals required for T cell activation and survival. When T cells are stimulated through CD28 in conjunction with the T-cell receptor ( TCR ), it enhances the production of various interleukins , particularly IL-6 .

CD28 signals play a key role in many T cell processes including cytoskeletal remodeling, production of cytokines, survival, and differentiation. CD28 ligation leads to unique epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational changes in T cells that cannot be …

Mar 28, 2025 · CD28 (CD28 Molecule) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CD28 include Immunodeficiency 123 With Hpv-Related Verrucosis and Mycosis Fungoides. Among its related pathways are CD28 co-stimulation and Constitutive Signaling by Aberrant PI3K in Cancer.

The major roles of CD28 co-stimulation. CD28 stimulation modulates proliferation, differentiation and effecter functions in T cells by regulation of gene transcription, cell cycle progression, survival, secretion of cytokines and chemokines, metabolism and …

In this paper, we mainly introduce the structure of CD28 and its related biological functions, as well as the application of costimulatory pathways targeting CD28 in disease treatment.

CD28 is a disulfide-linked homodimer constitutively expressed on the surface of T cells. Virtually all murine T cells express CD28, whereas in human T cells, nearly all CD4 + and 50% of CD8 + cells express CD28. The CD28 − subset of T cells appears to represent a population that has undergone chronic activation and can manifest suppressive ...

CD28 is a homodimeric stimulatory cell surface receptor of the Ig superfamily. It is expressed on virtually all T-cells in rodents, and on the vast majority of CD4 + but only about half of circulating human CD8 + T-cells. The control of T-cell responses by CD28 co-stimulation provides a means of preventing unwanted (anti-self) and triggering ...

The CD28 pathway is targeted by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the virus infects large numbers of normal cells. CD28 has effects on the transcription and stability of interleukin-2 and IFN-γ, cytokines that are important for immunity and stimulating NK cells. HIV alters the CD28 signaling as well as CD8 cells.

Jul 8, 2021 · In this issue of Cell, Casanova and colleagues examine three family members with a mutation that results in deficiency of the T cell co-stimulatory molecule CD28.

Jun 1, 1996 · In most T cells, CD28 lowers the threshold needed for activation and increases response longevity, effects linked to increased transcription and stability of lymphokine mRNAs, in particular those encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 (Fraser et al. 1991; Thompson 1995).