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E is an elastic constant, Young's modulus. A material exhibiting this behavior over the complete range of elastic deformation is known as a linear elastic material. Some materials have a non-linear ...
“An Improved Technique for Determining Hardness and Elastic Modulus Using Load and Displacement Sensing Indentation Experiments, Journal of Materials Research 7(6):1564-1583 (1992). 2. Hay, J.L. and ...