By contrast with previous studies that indicated a link between the severity of cardiac shunt on TCD ultrasonography and the occurrence of migraine, 5 Garg et al. observed that there was no ...
New-onset migraine was noted in ten patients. ASD: Atrial septal defect; NA: Not assessed; NR: Not reported; PFO: Patent foramen ovale. The following arguments support the hypothesis that ...
TTE, done with a saline bubble test, can be useful in diagnosing a clinically relevant intracardiac shunt through a patent foramen ovale (PFO), at rest and after Valsalva maneuver. The contrast ...