The ionosphere, a region of the Earth's upper ... affecting radio wave propagation. HF (High Frequency) Radio Waves: Electromagnetic waves in the frequency range of 3 to 30 MHz, commonly used ...

Several operational communication systems are influenced by the ionosphere, particularly High Frequency (HF) systems ... term describes phenomena with varying generation mechanisms, propagation ...

While the majority of Amateur Radio operators choose only a few of the HF bands, below 30 MHz ... The altitude of the VUSHF antennas is crucial for tropospheric propagation. The focus of this club is ...

We start discussing the measurements of mechanical parameters and variations of geochemical fluids detected before earthquakes; then we review thermal and atmospheric oscillations; finally, ...

Learn about the reflection of high-frequency signals in 5G communications and how impedance discontinuities can influence ...

Abstract: We present a brief review of experimental investigations concerning the perturbation of the high-latitude upper ionosphere (F region) by powerful HF radio waves (pump waves), carried out by ...

Signal propagation through the ionosphere is characterized by the refractive index. The refractive index and its influence on the various aspects of a received signal is the subject of this chapter.

Shortwave radio operates within the high-frequency (HF) band, typically between 3 to 30 MHz. Unlike AM and FM signals, shortwave signals can bounce off the ionosphere, allowing them to reach distances ...

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) organizes the ITU-R Workshop on “Applications of machine learning in radio-wave propagation prediction”, which will take place in Geneva, Switzerland, ...

Surrey Space Centre, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering. Professor Ryden is currently Interim Director of the Surrey Space Centre, a research unit within the School of Computer ...