Rubies are mainly made up of the mineral corundum, which is composed of the elements aluminum and oxygen in a regular, ...

Rubies and emeralds are great examples of how a small amount of a transition metal – in this case, chromium – can create a beautiful colour in what would otherwise be a fairly boring-looking ...

Emeralds are mainly made up of the mineral beryl, which is made from the elements beryllium, aluminum, silicon and oxygen.Beryl’s crystal structure is more complicated than corundum’s because ...

Rubies and emeralds are great examples of how a small amount of a transition metal – in this case, chromium – can create a beautiful colour. June 10, 2025 e-Paper LOGIN Account ...

It has to be remembered that special processes have now made it possible to obtain for the synthesis of corundum raw material of the highest purity, which is only rarely found in Nature.

(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.) Daniel Freedman, University of Wisconsin-Stout (THE CONVERSATION) The colors of ...

Beryl’s crystal structure is more complicated than corundum’s because of the additional elements in the formula, but each aluminum ion is again surrounded by six oxygen ions. Emeralds appear ...