Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) are essential enzymes that facilitate the proper folding of proteins and maintain protein quality within the endoplasmic reticulum.

Before joining Raw Story, Brad Reed spent eight years writing about technology at BGR.com and Network World. Prior to that, he wrote freelance stories for political publications such as AlterNet ...

Starting March 25, the 83-year-old Nobel Prize winner will strike out on a four-concert trek as part of his ongoing ‘Rough and Rowdy Ways Tour,’ which began in 2021. This time around ...

In biology textbooks, the endoplasmic reticulum is often portrayed as a distinct, compact organelle near the nucleus, and is commonly known to be responsible for protein trafficking and secretion.

Furthermore, we observed intracellular and extracellular accumulation of lipid compounds in the form of lipid droplets, structural enlargement of the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) ...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site at which secreted proteins (such as the hormone insulin) and membrane-bound proteins are folded. ATP-dependent chaperones within the ER help proteins fold.

Together, mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) occupy more than 20% of a cell's ... However, the anisotropy of the data causes the main skeleton to be a rough line. We smooth this skeleton ...