The colors of rubies and emeralds are so striking that they define shades of red and green—ruby red and emerald green. But have you ever wondered how they get those colors?

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Rubies and emeralds have the colors they do because, like many substances, they absorb some colors of light. Most visible light, like sunlight, is composed of all the colors of the rainbow: red, ...

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Both rubies and emeralds are minerals, which is a type of rock with a consistent chemical composition and a highly ordered structure at the atomic level.