Wherever they went, Vikings turned to runes to express both the poetic ("Listen, ring-bearers ... its own distinct meaning often connected with Norse mythology (see clickable alphabet at left).

But the cursed ring is just one of the many elements of ... the complex language that Tolkien created for his dwarves was based on the Old Norse runes. Meanwhile, Tolkien’s common Elvish ...

The pieces dated to around 900 A.D. or the Viking Age. The hoard “was buried ... “Carved inside the curved half of the arm-ring the runes read: DIS IS ЇIGNA ˑFˑ. The main issue was the ...