HR-XPS has been extensively used in our lab for the characterization ... It has also been used to differentiate between various bonding configurations of phosphorous to the oxide surface to study the ...

XPS relies on the photoelectric effect, where irradiating a material with X-rays causes the emission of core electrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is measured, which can be directly ...

and XPS measurements The findings are detailed in “Improved stability and electronic homogeneity in perovskite solar cells via a nanoengineered buried oxide interlayer,” recently published in ...