Methods and results: VRK1 and VRK2 (Vaccinia-related kinase-1, -2) expression, as well as proliferation markers, were determined in a tissue microarray containing 105 primary astrocytoma biopsies.

VRK2 protein expression was significantly associated with survival in high-grade astrocytomas. Those patients with high VRK2 protein expression had a better median overall survival (13.7 months vs.