A study by Malm et al. (1995) found that the number of patients with INPH who improved from surgical management with a VP shunt declined from 64% at 3 months to 26% at 3 years. The study also ...

This causes pressure on the brain. For 60 years, the only treatment for NPH has been a ventricular peritoneal (VP) shunt, an invasive procedure requiring a hole drilled in the skull to drain ...