In sports, beneath the competitive spirit and the cheers of the crowd, there’s an often-invisible risk: traumatic brain ...

This damage is called a traumatic brain injury. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration continues to study TBI and encourages the development of medical devices to help diagnose and treat it.

Previous exposure to stress differentially impacts how male and female rats behave following combat-related traumatic brain injury.

In their eNeuro paper, VandeVord and colleagues used an unpredictable stress paradigm on rats prior to causing TBI using a protocol that mimics brain injuries people experience from explosions during ...