and increased the bryophyte list for the area from 169 species to 478! In 1848 he was approached by Willam Hooker, the director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, as a potential candidate to carry ...

spruce, fir, and the most valuable hardwood species.” Today, stands of late-stage and old-growth forest are few in number and are largely limited to reserves and difficult-to-cut sites on steep ...

Sometime in April, a friend alerted me to some odd ball-shaped structures attached to a spruce log in Auke Lake. These are bryozoans, a type of minuscule aquatic animals. They constitute their own ...

These lovely, tiny, Grinchy wasps eat the seeds of Norway spruce and a number of other spruce species,' Gavin says. 'Each wasp will develop inside a single seed before it emerges into the world.' At ...