More information: Jianchen Zheng et al, 4D Printed Butterfly-Inspired Hydrogel Structures: Simple Strategies for Multiform Morphing, ACS Materials Letters (2025). DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c02589 ...

When cells are encapsulated within a homogeneous gel matrix and given the right soluble cues, such as growth-factor proteins added to the culture medium, they can start to multiply and migrate ...

A Chinese research team has developed a single-step femtosecond laser 4D printing technology that enables rapid and precise micro-scale deformation of smart hydrogels. This innovation, inspired by ...