Slime fouling adds significantly to fluid friction at sea—requiring an increase in a vessel's shaft power by as much as 18%, Wittig says. "A ship covered with a thin biofilm may experience up to ...

It seems a bit peculiar that ships are painted red -- or any color -- on the bottom since this part of the boat is almost always below the surface of the water, hidden from view. Why do ships need ...

Underwater fouling control hull coatings were once purely a commercial consideration for ship owners and operators. Now it is also a question of how they can help meet global goals to reduce ...

Findings show that over one-third of vessels had more than 10% of their hull surface covered in barnacles upon entering dry ...