The fourth heart sound (S4), also known as the “atrial gallop,” occurs just before S1 when the atria contract to force blood into the left ventricle. If the left ventricle is noncompliant ...
The third heart sound (S3), also known as the "ventricular gallop," occurs just after S2 ... and well trained athletes, however a S4 heart sound is almost always abnormal. A S3 can be an important ...
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