Large lesions may present as neurogenic claudication or sphincter dysfunction, such as seen in cauda equina syndrome. Lesions affecting the upper plexus may be confused with femoral neuropathy ...

Remember: Systole occurs between the S1 and S2 heart sounds ... Thus, it is important to remember which lesions result in systolic murmurs and which result in diastolic murmurs.

thus S1 and S2 will be distinctly audible. The term midsystolic is preferred to SEM because many lesions that produce midsystolic murmurs are unrelated to systolic ejection. The classic murmur of ...