A schematic showing how R-loops, a hybrid of RNA and DNA, can form during DNA transcription when the messenger RNA chain being assembled by the RNA polymerase binds to one of the DNA strands.

Several factors contribute to R-loop formation, including RNA components, specific DNA structures, histone and RNA modifications, RNA-binding proteins, and helicases. Genes & Diseases publishes ...

Additionally, the interplay between R-loops and RNA modifications like m6A and m5C further adds to the complexity of their biological impact, especially in DNA repair pathways. The emerging ...

R-loops can help to turn on specific genes by forming an RNA:DNA "sandwich" in regulatory regions of a target gene. In the case of the NPAS4 gene, R-loops appear to help to bring the enhancer ...

The paper M. Ganji et al., “Real-time imaging of DNA loop extrusion by condensin,” Science, doi:10.1126/science.aar7831, 2018. How does a human cell neatly pack ...

Most cells in the human body each contain about six feet of DNA. Yet the nucleus, where DNA is coiled, is no larger than a ...