the up-quark is a string vibrating another way, and so on. Far from being a collection of chaotic experimental facts, particle properties in string theory are the manifestation of one and the same ...

This changed in 1963 when American physicist Murray Gell-Mann proposed his quark theory. Gell-Mann believed that each proton and each neutron is made up of three even smaller particles—particles ...

Physicists working on the ATLAS experiment on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are the first to report the production of top ...

Physicists at CERN may have glimpsed an elusive particle, 'toponium', never observed before. This discovery could ...

Toponium particles, at least in theory, do not annihilate each other almost but instantly decay into a bottom quark and a W boson—one of two bosons responsible for the weak nuclear force.

primordial Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) phase. While we know that the strong nuclear interaction is governed by the theory of Quantum Chromodynamics, the QGP exhibits remarkable, non-intuitive behaviors ...

High-energy collisions between protons at the LHC routinely produce top quark–antiquark pairs (tt-bar ... existence of new particles that are not described by the 50-year-old theory. Many of the open ...

Intriguing signs from CERN hint at a never-before-seen form of matter – one that could be the tiniest particle cluster ever detected. Top quarks, typically too short-lived to pair up, may have briefly ...

High-energy collisions between protons at the LHC routinely produce top quark–antiquark pairs (tt ... that are not described by the 50-year-old theory. Many of the open questions in particle ...