In 1953, scientist Stanley Miller performed an experiment that may explain what occurred on primitive Earth billions of years ago. He sent an electrical charge through a flask of a chemical ...

Scientists predict that on primitive Earth, the atmosphere consisted mostly of ammonia, water vapor, methane, and hydrogen. With exposure to intense heat, ultraviolet light, electrical storms ...

The research, conducted by scientists at Stanford University, demonstrates that when water droplets collide and form spray, ...

They found that while differentiated planetesimals had contributed around 70% of Earth's mass, they provided only 10% of its Zn. The remaining Zn came from primitive materials that had not ...