Editor’s Note: This is a four-part series of DIs proposing improvements in the performance of a “traditional” PWM—one whose output is a duty cycle-variable rectangular pulse which requires filtering ...

Simplicity and low cost sustain the popularity of passive PWM DAC ripple filters despite their limitations. One of these limitations is a high output impedance caused by the series sum of filter ...

For audio out to speakers, or motor driving with a slower PWM frequency, or for creating your own DAC from the PWM, you’ll want to filter out the highs. In sampling with an ADC, ...

A general description of DAC circuit operation is as follows: control of the 16-bit PWM conversion waveform comes from the relative phase of the 500-Hz square-wave outputs of two 16-bit ripple ...

A simple low-pass filter (120kΩ 470nF) converted the pwm waveform to dc in each case – with the capacitor returned close to the hex inverter in the buffered case, and ... differential amplifier ...

An 8-bit digital/analog converter (DAC) can have 20-mV resolution from a PWM operating from a 5.0-V supply, and it's reasonable to require the AC noise on the RC filter's output to be less than a ...

This produces a PWM waveform representing the input value. Following the digital output with an RC low-pass filter will generate an analogue representation. It’s all very simple stuff.