Physical vapour deposition (PVD) is fundamentally a vaporisation coating technique, involving transfer of material on an atomic level. It is an alternative process to electroplating The process is ...

PVD techniques, such as sputtering and thermal evaporation, involve the physical vaporization of a target material and its subsequent condensation onto a substrate to form a thin film. PVD methods ...

Astrophysics observations at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths often probe the most dynamic aspects of the universe. However, the high energy ...