Look at any map of Europe from the Middle Ages or the early modern era, before the Industrial Revolution, and you will be overwhelmed by its dizzying incoherence—all of those empires, kingdoms, ...

Paolo Forlin works for the University of Durham. He has received funding from the European Research Council and the British Academy. Earthquakes were a cause of devastation in medieval Europe. The ...

WHY SOME countries are rich and others are poor is an enduring debate in economics. Natural resources and friendly climates help only a bit. In contrast, robust political institutions and a steady ...

A map pinpointing hundreds of homicides in 14th-century England could help teach medieval history. By Isabella Kwai A spice merchant stabbed by a fruit seller over a longstanding feud. A street ...