Ligustroside derived from Ligustrum japonicum shows a significant anti-melanogenesis effect via suppression of the MAPK and PKA/CREB signaling pathways.

Figure 1: Photic stimulation during subjective night triggers activation of the MAPK signaling cascade. Figure 4: Photic stimulation results in nuclear co-localization of P-ERK and P-CREB in the SCN.

In a recent paper published in Nature, researchers from the University of Michigan have discovered that simultaneously targeting PIKfyve and KRAS-MAPK can eliminate tumors in preclinical human and ...