When the leaf is cut, it releases vegetable juice, which contains nutrients that stimulate bacterial growth,” Dong explained, ...

The big question is how these channels benefit the bacteria. “Bacterial pathogens live in the spongey air space inside a leaf, and that space is pretty dry,” Dangl said. Bacteria need moisture to grow ...

2025 — Scientists explored the evolutionary success of leaf beetles, the most diverse herbivores on Earth. They showed that symbioses with bacteria have evolved repeatedly and independently in ...

Garlic can be prone to bacterial and fungal diseases, and it’s important that farmers are proactive in preventing infection ...

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has labeled the broccoli recall as a Class I, the highest risk level issued by the ...

Scientists explored the evolutionary success of leaf beetles, the most diverse herbivores on Earth. They showed that symbioses with bacteria have evolved repeatedly and independently in different ...

Following the steps above, separate each leaf and place them in the kitchen sink or a bowl with the vinegar-water mix.

For example, pectinases are enzymes that break down pectins—indigestible dietary fibers for humans, but metabolized by many bacteria. Approximately half of the species of leaf beetles live in ...