The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) has previously been implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development, but its precise role in this process is unknown.

We further showed that IGF-1 stimulation of MM cells leads to enhanced expression of IRF4, a known ‘addictive’ factor for MM. This upregulation of IRF4 expression by IGF-1 treatment of MM ...