but this time artificial chromosomes have been introduced containing all the human immunoglobulin genes encoding all the different antibody isotypes (IgG1–4, IgA1–2, IgD, IgM and IgE).

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are specialized proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign invaders, such as viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens. They are ...

The human immune system has evolved five main antibody isotypes (IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA and IgD) which it can call upon depending upon the challenge faced. All cancer antibodies and antibody derivatives ...

IgM, IgD, IgA, IgG, IgG1, 2, 3, and 4 ... interactions with the innate immune system, and a secondary antibody response. These alterations may have a role in the maintenance of subject health after an ...