The picture shows a close-up of one carbon atom. A hydrogen atom has one proton as the nucleus and one electron in the region outside the nucleus. The electron and proton are attracted to each other.

The typical size of atoms and small molecules is around 1 × 10-10 m (0.1 nm). For example: diameter of a hydrogen atom, H 1.0 × 10-10 m width of a hydrogen molecule, H 2 2.9 × 10-10 m ...

Sucrose has many O–H bonds which are polar. These polar areas are shown with a + near the hydrogen atom and a − near the oxygen atom. The second space-filling model shows two sucrose molecules held ...