Today, a single finished product often results from manufacturing and assembly ... Countries that embrace them grow faster, import skills and technology, and boost employment. With GVC-driven ...

Thus, a GVC incorporates all the activities that are required to bring a product to market—from conceptualisation to production, design to PR—which are often located and spread throughout the world.

A 1% increase in GVC participation is estimated to boost per capita income ... But they are more likely to boost GVCs as trade and communication costs come down, new products are developed, and ...

As a result, exports in products like textiles, agro-food and electronics ... oil MENA countries in GVCs and explains the limited economic and social upgrading in GVC-integrated industries. The ...