The multi-mode gas cluster ion source (GCIS) is designed to operate in both Ar n + cluster and Ar + monatomic modes making it suitable for sputter cleaning and depth profiling organic, inorganic ...

A small piece of sodium metal is placed in a flask of chlorine gas. A little water helps expose the sodium so ... Sodium becomes a positive ion and chlorine becomes a negative ion. The positive and ...

In ISS, a beam of ions (often noble gas ions like He+ or Ne+) is directed at the sample surface under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The ions interact with the surface atoms, and their scattering is ...