What researchers found in the deep layers of the Critical Zone Tiedje, a University Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the MSU Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Immunology and the Department ...

An intelligent inversion framework for soil parameters in deep excavations is established by using BIM technology, finite difference method (FDM), and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II ...

But the deep soil has a much larger volume. This is where CSP1-3 helps out. They live off the carbon and nitrogen that's washed down from the topsoil to complete the purification process.

The surface soil, where most plant roots reside is often a very small volume of soil through which rainwater passes quickly. But the deep soil has a much larger volume. This is where CSP1-3 helps out.