The field of spintronics, which integrates the charge and spin properties of electrons to develop electronic devices with enhanced functionality and energy efficiency, has expanded into new ...

The “lead” of a pencil is actually made of a substance called graphite which is made of carbon atoms. The picture shows a close-up of one carbon atom. A hydrogen atom has one proton as the nucleus and ...

This attraction pulls the atoms together. The electrons end up being shared by the atoms in a region around the nucleus of both atoms. Hydrogen atoms are close together. The electron from each atom ...