However, the relatively high energy barrier for *COOH intermediate formation often becomes the determining step in CO 2 RR, significantly limiting reaction efficiency. Inspired by enzyme catalysis ...

However, one of the main challenges remains the high energy barrier associated with forming the *COOH intermediate—often the rate-determining step in CO 2 RR—leading to reduced overall efficiency.

Amino acids are characterized by their central carbon atom, known as the α-carbon, which is bonded to an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain ...