Biological cells often possess thin, hair-like protrusions on their surface known as cilia, which serve various functions ...

For a long time, almost all attention was on the motile cilia because their function was readily observable. But scientists, starting with Alexander Kowalevsky had reported the presence of single ...

This angle is what ultimately controls the waveform of the system's produced ciliary beating motion. After anchoring the two chains on the same base (resembling the algal cell body) and loading ...

Cilia drive fluid flow in development and physiology, but this requires that all cilia in a tissue orient the same way. Earlier studies indicated that both planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling ...